[43][44] He referred to these projects as Gedechtnus ("memorial"),[44][45] which included a series of stylised autobiographical works: the epic poems Theuerdank and Freydal, and the chivalric novel Weisskunig, both published in editions lavishly illustrated with woodcuts. She was the daughter of Albert (or Albrecht) V, the duke of Bavaria, and Charles II's sister Anna. His father was the heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. At the time, the dukes of Burgundy, a cadet branch of the French royal family, with their sophisticated nobility and court culture, were the rulers of substantial territories on the eastern and northern boundaries of France. When Vladislas (Ulászló) II of Bohemia was elected instead, he waged a successful campaign against Vladislas. H.J. He ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of the latter's reign, from c. 1483 until his father's death in 1493. Despite Louis's death in 1483, shortly after Margaret arrived in France, she remained at the French court. Corrections? Philip I of Castile 17. He was, however, related to the Habsburgs both by blood and by marriage. He created the Landsknechte (“Servants of the Country”), a body of well-organized mercenaries, and fought a series of wars against the French, mostly in Italy. Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. Maximilian I of Habsburg (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1493 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. Between ages 11-19, Rudolf lived in Spain at the court of his uncle, Philip II of Spain, and returned to Vienna with a Spanish demeanor which pleased his mother. He wanted his hair to be cut off and his teeth knocked out, and the body was to be whipped and covered with lime and ash, wrapped in linen, and "publicly displayed to show the perishableness of all earthly glory". Because Tyrol had no law code at this time, the nobility freely expropriated money from the populace, which caused the royal palace in Innsbruck to fester with corruption. His father, Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, named him for an obscure saint, Maximilian of Tebessa, who Frederick believed had once warned him of imminent peril in a dream. Coat of arms of Maximilian I of Habsburg as King of the Romans. Maximilian Friedrich von Amberg (1511–1553), Lord of Feldkirch. Emperor Friedrich III of Holy Roman Empire 1415-1493; Princess Leonor Of Portugal 1436-1467 Spouses and children. These political marriages were summed up in the following Latin elegiac couplet: Bella gerant aliī, tū fēlix Austria nūbe/ Nam quae Mars aliīs, dat tibi regna Venus, "Let others wage war, but thou, O happy Austria, marry; for those kingdoms which Mars gives to others, Venus gives to thee. [34][35] The French were victorious in Italy at the Battle of Marignano in 1515, and Maximilian’s efforts to re-win Milan failed miserably. [37] The Fugger family provided Maximilian a credit of one million gulden, which was used to bribe the prince-electors. He was instead proclaimed emperor elect by Pope Julius II at Trent, thus breaking the long tradition The Habsburg Empire survived as the Austro-Hungarian Empire until it was dissolved 3 November 1918 – 399 years 11 months and 9 days after the passing of Maximilian. [16][17][18], However, Charles and his sister wanted her inheritance for France. mother: Eleanor of Portugal, Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress, Holy Roman Empress. Flemish rebels managed to capture Philip and even Maximilian himself, but they were defeated when Frederick III intervened. This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 11:24. Already before his coronation as the King of the Romans in 1486, Maximilian decided to secure this distant and extensive Burgundian inheritance to his family, the House of Habsburg, at all costs. At Guinegate the Landsknechte showed their mettle and would vie with the Swiss Reisläufer for primacy on the battlefield for more than a century. His parents married in 1452. Jörg Baumgarten even served as Maximilian's financial advisor. World Book Encyclopedia, Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1976. Elected king of Romans in 1486, he declared himself elected Holy Roman emperor in 1508. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910. His goal was to secure the throne for a member of his house and prevent Francis I of France from gaining the throne; the resulting "election campaign" was unprecedented due to the massive use of bribery. [13] The reforms, which had been delayed for a long time, were launched in the 1495 Reichstag at Worms. There they arranged for Maximilian's granddaughter Mary to marry Louis, the son of Ladislaus, and for Anne (the sister of Louis) to marry Maximilian's grandson Ferdinand (both grandchildren being the children of Philip the Handsome, Maximilian's son, and Joanna of Castile). With Christa Théret, Jannis Niewöhner, Alix Poisson, Jean-Hugues Anglade. By his marriage in 1477 to Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold , duke of Burgundy , Maximilian acquired the vast Burgundian possessions in the Netherlands and along the eastern frontier of France . In 1515 advantageous marriages were arranged between members of the Habsburg family and the Hungarian royal house, thus strengthening the Habsburg position in Hungary and also in Bohemia, which was under the same dynasty. Ferdinand was named after his maternal grandfather, Ferdinand II of Aragon. Maximilian I was a member of the Habsburg Dynasty. Emeritus Professor of Austrian History, University of Graz, Austria. 20 January 1612: Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, died On 18 July 15... 52, Rudolf was born to the future Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. 221-222, Claims that he gained the imperial crown through bribery have been refuted. "[36], Maximilian's policies in Italy had been unsuccessful, and after 1517 Venice reconquered the last pieces of their territory. This influence lasted for centuries and shaped much of European history. Banning of Jewish literature and expulsion of Jews. Dynastie und Kaiserreiche. Excluded from Italy by the hostile Venetians, he was unable to go to Rome for his coronation and had to content himself with the title of Roman emperor-elect that was bestowed on him with the consent of Pope Julius II on February 4, 1508. After Mary's death in a riding accident on 27 March 1482 near the Wijnendale Castle, Maximilian's aim was now to secure the inheritance to his and Mary's son, Philip the Handsome. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilian-I-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Maximilian I, The Famous People - Biography of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Luminarium Encyclopedia - Biography of Maximilian I, The Baldwin Project - Biography of MAXIMILIAN I, Aeiou Encycloprdia - Biography of Maximilian I, lord chancellor Berthold, archbishop of Mainz. The princes would permit no strengthening of the central authority, and this limitation of power neutralized imperial policies. The Swiss won a decisive victory against the Empire in the Battle of Dornach on 22 July 1499. Britannica now has a site just for parents! Dorothea (1516–1572), heiress of Falkenburg, Durbuy and Halem, lady in waiting to Queen. See more ideas about roman emperor, emperor, holy roman empire. [citation needed]. Maximilian was the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal. Maximilian expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, though he also lost his family's original lands in today's Switzerland to the Swiss Confederacy. They even considered deposing him, but the plan miscarried because of their own apathy and Maximilian’s effective countermeasures. Leopold II (Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. [46] It also sports a pair of curled ram's horns, brass spectacles, and even etched beard stubble. In his infancy, he and his parents were besieged in Vienna by Albert of Austria. At the end of Maximilian's rule, the Habsburgs' mountain of debt totalled six million gulden, corresponding to a decade's worth of tax revenues from their inherited lands. For penitential reasons, Maximilian gave very specific instructions for the treatment of his body after death. The style of armour that became popular during the second half of his reign featured elaborate fluting and metalworking, and became known as Maximilian armour. 1581/1584 ), he continued his war against France it and drove the Sforza Lodovico... 52 ] Louis 's death in 1483, shortly after his birth in.. 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