cancerous tumor medical term quizlet

Match the medical term with the definition. The disease is genetically related to the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. The doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum and rotates it slowly to feel for any growths, tumors, or other abnormalities. When colorectal carcinoma is diagnosed, additional tests are conducted to determine the stage of the disease (chest radiographs, CT, MRI, and blood studies, including carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and liver function studies). As the tumor grows, it may press on the nearby nerves, organs, and blood vessels. Wilms tumor see there. In the early stages, the patient may occasionally experience pain in the back or in the epigastric or retrosternal areas that is relieved with nonprescription analgesics. Ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, some viruses, and drugs that damage nucleic acids may initiate the genetic lesions that result in cancers. Dilatation and curettage, punch biopsy, and colposcopy may be done if Pap test findings raise the suspicion of cancer. A majority of cancers are caused by changes in the cell's DNA because of damage due to the environment. In internal radiation (also known as brachytherapy), a radioactive substance in the form of pellets or liquid is placed at the cancerous site by means of a pill, injection or insertion in a sealed container. Hematologists specialize in disorders of the blood and are consulted in case of blood cancers and bone marrow cancers. Vulvar cancer accounts for 4% of all gynecological malignancies. abnormal growth or mass of tissue that can either be solid or fluid-filled The early symptoms of the disease are often nonspecific and often mimic irritable bowel (constipation, vague abdominal pain, bloating). Preventive surgery. However, isolation of the individual constituent of vegetables and fruits that are anti-cancer agents has proven difficult. The patient is encouraged to follow a normal routine as much as possible after recovery from surgery and during radiation therapy and chemotherapy. They will then be better able to listen sensitively to patients' concerns, to offer genuine understanding and comfort, and to help patients and family work through their grief. Secondary or metastatic bone tumors are far more common. For example, the … In addition, it has also been shown that women who don't have children or have children late in life have an increased risk for both ovarian and breast cancer. Tumors that express HER2 antigens respond to treatment with trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody that targets the human epidermal growth factor). See: Widespread or advanced cancer, from which recovery is not expected. endocrine glands: Glands that secrete hormones within the body. If the cancer is very aggressive and a cure is not possible, then the treatment should be aimed at relieving the symptoms and controlling the cancer for as long as possible. Medical Definition of Malignant. Iron deficiency anemia results as the tumor causes ulceration and bleeding. Since cancer usually spreads via the lymphatic system, adjoining lymph nodes may be examined and sometimes are removed as well. The disease may cause severe pain and tenderness; cachexia (loss of weight); and encephalopathy. Most cases (70%) are diagnosed when the disease is already at an advanced stage because early detection methods are still unsatisfactory. The most common sites where malignant bone tumors spread are the liver and the lungs. The therapist answers questions from the patient and family and begins to develop a relationship that will support the patient through postoperative care and teaching. CONTINUE SCROLLING OR CLICK HERE FOR RELATED SLIDESHOW. Patients interested in such therapy should discuss its potential risks and benefits with their health care providers. Some strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are carcinogenic to cervical epithelium. Neither digital rectal examination nor testing of a single stool specimen from the digital exam provides adequate screening. Carcinomas are cancers that arise in the epithelium (the layer of cells covering the body's surface and lining the internal organs and various glands). Is there not a medicine found yet? Jaundice is common. Although the cause of gastric cancer is unknown, predisposing factors include a diet rich in pickled or smoked foods, a history of gastric surgery, and a history of infection by Helicobacter pylori. The gn part of both words comes from the Latin word for born, but the word root mal means "evil," while bene means "kind." After surgery, the patient is monitored for infection, circulatory complications, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and pain. The technique identified nine dugs, one of which had never before been identified for use in cancer treatment. The patient's knowledge of the disease is determined, misinformation corrected, and information supplied about the disease, its progression, its treatment, and expected outcome. Hospice care (at home or in a dedicated center), if needed, is discussed with the patient and family. Spinal cord tumors and brain tumors may grow quickly or slowly. Basic Cancer Terms You Need to Know Reviewed by Minesh Khatri, MD on October 17, 2019 When you hear doctors talk about cancer and its treatment, it can sound like they are speaking a foreign language. Bone marrow. with changes in body image, pain and suffering, and dying and death, is encouraged. A benign tumor is one that does not invade surrounding tissue or spread to other parts of the body; it is not a cancer. Since a biopsy provides the most accurate analysis, it is considered the gold standard of diagnostic tests. The ACS estimates that one third of the cancer deaths that occur annually in the U.S. are related to nutrition and other lifestyle factors. For example, after surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy is given to destroy any cancerous cells that still remain in the body. Cephalic: Pertaining to the head. Patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer (those who have had previous colorectal adenomas or resected cancers or a history of ulcerative colitis or of colon cancer in a first-degree relative younger than 60) should undergo screening more frequently and at an earlier age. Overall, African Americans are more likely to develop cancer than whites. Hence, it is customary to understand the root of some words so as to be able to memorize the counterparts in English. A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign, premalignant, or cancerous. As the cancer spreads to regional lymph nodes and nearby structures and metastasizes to other structures, related complications occur. Cancer, group of numerous distinct diseases that are characterized by the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells in the body. The prognosis for a particular patient depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, but overall the 5-year survival rate is about 19%. Diagnosis may be suggested by findings on digital rectal examination, anoscopy, flexible or rigid sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or barium enema examination. A benign tumor is not considered cancer. This method detects many benign and cancerous lumps, but its ability to prolong life is still debated. Cancer cells that are described as low-grade (grade 1) have an appearance similar to normal cells. changes in the size, color, or shape of a wart or a mole, a lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere. If these are found, the tumor is malignant and will need to be removed. However, since screening is very expensive, and since there are millions of smokers, the public health costs of mass screening are high compared with the cost of encouraging smokers to quit or of teaching teenagers not to start smoking. Studies to rule out specific organ metastases include endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography scans, chest radiographs, liver and bone scans, and liver biopsy. Excessive intake of fat leading to. some of the cancers are treatable but that is a big subject. This causes the cell to become abnormal and lose its restraints on growth. Malignancy of the liver that results either from spread from a primary source or from primary tumor of the liver itself. benign tumor: [ too´mor ] 1. swelling or morbid enlargement; this is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation . Cancers that are known to have a hereditary link are breast cancer, colon cancer. In other words, an individual could inherit faulty DNA from his parents, which could predispose him to getting cancer. As a result the growth of the tumor slows down and survival may be extended for several months or years. Over time, these cells may grow into a mass and cause an obstruction. In tumors that are dependent on hormones, removal of the organs that secrete the hormones is an option. Patients with familial colon cancer syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, should be counseled about the need for close surveillance by professional gastroenterologists. The patient's and family's coping mechanisms are supported, and verbalization of feelings and fears, esp. It is most effective when a cancer is small and confined to one area of the body. The pain associated with cancer is often severe. 1599 Clifton Road, N.E. Understanding the “jargon” of medicine takes extensive years of education and enculturation. In one study, palpation (feeling the lump) had an overall accuracy of around 90%.1 Low-grade tumors are … Experts are debating the emotional and ethical consequences of genetic cancer screening tests. Assessing the extent of tumor spread: What does mutagenic mean? An advantage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is that since the cancer cells have not been exposed to anti-cancer drugs, they are especially vulnerable. Over time, these cells may grow into a mass and cause an obstruction. The doctor may conduct a thorough examination of the skin to look for sores that have been present for more than three weeks and that bleed, ooze, or crust; irritated patches that may itch or hurt, and any change in the size of a wart or a mole. If the spread is not controlled, cancer can result in. PLAY; LOOK UP. A bone marrow transplant is the removal of marrow from one person and the transplant of the blood-forming cells either to the same person or to someone else. There may be dysphagia and coffee-ground vomitus if the tumor is located in the cardia and slowly bleeds. How a breast mass feels can give a doctor a fairly good idea whether a lump is a breast cancer tumor or a benign mass. Malignant tumors require medical intervention to prevent the cancer from spreading, and ideally to excise the cancer altogether, so that the patient will return to normal health. Guidelines addressing these issues are readily available, e.g., from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. A tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign, premalignant, or cancerous. Learn more about biopsy. Brain Tumor Definition A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain. A cylindrical cancer composed of fibrous tissue. Antiemetics can control nausea, which intensifies as the tumor grows. Cancer patients may suffer depression and anxiety and have nutritional deficits. Other sources of radiation are x rays, radon gas, and ionizing radiation from nuclear material. Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is made by endometrial biopsy. The cancer occurs more often in people with a family history of the disease, those with familial adenomatous polyposis, and in those with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Unlike other tumors, brain tumors spread by local extension and rarely metastasize (spread) outside the brain. A small percentage of patients with ovarian cancer may have a hereditary predisposition, e.g., they have BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 genes. It is the least common form of gynecological cancer. Atlanta, GA 30329 (800) 227-2345. mag. Some of the routine screening tests recommended by the ACS are, A recent revolution in molecular biology and cancer genetics has contributed a great deal to the development of several tests designed to assess one's risk of getting cancers. A tumor can be benign or cancerous (malignant). Radical surgery to remove the tumor is possible in more than one third of patients. Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. If the cells are not cancerous, the tumor is benign. Currently, more women die of epithelial ovarian cancer than of all other gynecological cancers combined. Palpation of the abdomen may disclose a mass. It also occurs more often in people who are obese than in those who are not and in those who consume a high fat, low-fiber diet. They also may be made in a laboratory. Not all tumors, cancerous or benign, have symptoms. Other tests can suggest that cancer is present, but only a biopsy can make a definite diagnosis. The cancer may form in one or both kidneys. Mylan unveils generic Temodar capsules for newly diagnosed cancerous tumors in the US, Cooperation fields between Information Ministry and health institutions discussed, Taibah University Scholarship Student Succeeds in Identifying More Cancer Cells Resistant to Chemotherapy, Albany politician sends female employees video of 'oral sex', New Algorithm Helps Quick Diagnosis of Cancerous Tumors, Cancérigènes, Mutagènes ou Toxiques pour la Reproduction. The aim of cancer treatment is to remove all or as much of the tumor as possible and to prevent the recurrence or spread of the primary tumor. Environmental factors that are responsible for causing the initial mutation in the DNA are called carcinogens, and there are many types. Since the occurrence of cancer increases as individuals age, most of the cases are seen in adults, middle-aged or older. Cerebral: Pertaining to the brain. Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled growth of the cells in the human body and the ability of these cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. See: Any malignant neoplasm of the vulva. If ovarian cancer recurs after treatment or fails to regress with treatment, palliative and end-of-life care may aid both patients and their families. Create your own flashcards or choose from millions created by other students. However, some mutant cells may escape immune detection and survive to become tumors or cancers. Medical Author: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR; Benign: Not malignant. LISTS; Vocabulary.com Dictionary; Advanced Search; List Builder; Random Word ; malignant. The decision on which type of treatment is the most appropriate depends on the type and location of cancer, the extent to which it has already spread, the patient's age, sex, general health status and personal treatment preferences. 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