confederate soldiers motivation

Report Video Issue Here's an interview of a confederate soldier who seems to think slavery was a secondary … Most soldiers were between the ages of 18 and 39 with an average age of just under 26. Well, slavery was something that the people of that generation had inherited and I don't think it was a practice that any of them loved. Dr. McPherson is a well known Civil War historian. That said, I think it is both wise and often very interesting to examine all sides of the story in history. the motivations of Civil War soldiers. You see, the infamous murder can be traced back to the president’s actions during the conflict – and one in particular set Booth on edge. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Slavery. The revival began in the Army of Northern Virginia in early 1863. As a veteran, I find it hard to believe they would endure sickness, poor equipment and starvation simply for material gain. The majority of those enlisted were farmers but other trades included carpenters, merchants, blacksmiths and … And, soldiers began to see emancipation as another weapon against the Confederacy. J. Tracy Power in Lee's Miserables and Stephen Berry in All That Makes a Man argued that Confederate soldiers … The bravery, stamina, fighting spirit, and at times, the cruelty and even sadism of Southern whites had proven far more impressive in the Texan War of Independence, the Mexican War, and Bleeding Kansas than that of the North. Union soldiers and even several Presidents honored the courage and valor of the Confederate veterans and did not begrudge them their statutes which stood as memorials to their fallen heroes and the lives lost in that war. Conscription was eventually introduced in the North, but the first two years of the War was fought with volunteers. The Confederate soldiers wore gray uniforms, and the Union army wore blue uniforms. Confederate Soldier A typical Confederate soldier was also a native-born US citizen, unmarried white Protestant male. The largest motivation to fight, according to McPherson, was that Confederate soldiers fought against a tyrannical government, the Union, to preserve independence and liberty (McPherson 1994, 7). He looked at the contemporary correspondence and diaries of some 647 Union soldiers and 429 Confederate soldiers. Is there any evidence of a Confederate strategy or plan for winning the Civil War? That said, the motivation was most likely that of nearly all soldiers who are fighting mostly on "their own" soil - defense of family, friends, hearth and … Most Confederate soldiers enlisted for the duration of the war. False According to Senator John Sherman, the war resulted in capitalists like J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie, who imagined making "millions as confidently as formerly of thousands" after the war. It is generally regarded as part of the Third Great Awakening.. Benjamin R. Lacy suggests that the revival began in the camps and hospitals around Richmond, Virginia. But, Dr. McPherson did the next best thing. . Jefferson Finis [1] Davis (3 de junio de 1808-6 de diciembre de 1889) fue un político estadounidense que sirvió como el único presidente de los estados confederados desde 1861 hasta 1865. He looked at personal letters and diaries of both Union and Confederate soldiers to ask the fundamental question, what motivated them to join, and then to stay in military service during very harsh circumstances. As harsh as it is to say, slaves represented material possession, an investment. Entertained by the ladies, likely including Anastasia, the lieutenant spoke the words all veterans would like to utter when s/he first returns home, “we could not have received a warmer reception. Religious differences. The same three reasons have motivated many, perhaps even most soldiers in all of human history. Most Confederate soldiers served with a unit raised in the community where they lived. Their worlds in the mid-1800s was much smaller than ours. The Confederacy lost 260,000 dead. Anastasia was the mother of George Price Crane. Confederate soldiers may have served from a military unit raised by the Confederate Government or by an individual Confederate state. Thus soldier motivation was a critical aspect of the War. Most Civil War soldiers on either side went to war for at least one of these three reasons. 2. But, how many would endure wearing rags for shoes in winter merely to protect economic investment or a “way of life”? Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. They died on … Dr. McPherson posits that likely, if all soldiers had been polled at the time, about one-half would have favored emancipation as a war aim, while 25% would have opposed and 25% had no opinion. *10 points to best answer! The use of National Guard divisions meant that this tragedy alo occurred in … The war brought a terrible reckoning for the Confederate States of America, subjecting it to the military test of the Union armies and the political judgment of its own people. I think that is a valid position for someone to take. Most Irish suspected the Republican party of harboring anti-Irish and anti-immigrant sentiment at the time. For Cause, p. 102. According to Dr. McPherson’s study, 57% of Confederate soldiers espoused patriotic sentiment for serving. Not much in the way of a “boot camp” as we think of them today. When it comes to mid 19th Century America, I am definitely a Yankee and Abolitionist when it comes to my sympathies - to such an extent that I count John Brown as one of my heroes. 429 Confederate soldiers and sailors whose letters or diaries form the basis for this book, 283, or 66 percent, affirmed such motivations at one time or another after enlisting. Sadly, some of them did. But, just as certain, many soldiers served simply because they saw it as their duty. The Confederate soldiers at Vicksburg faced horror and hardship rather than consider surrendering to the Union. You can not fight a war with volunteers unless the population is strongly motivared. We cannot survey soldiers from 150 years ago. As Dr. McPherson mentions, once the choice is first made, the typical combat soldier is forced to re-examine his choice at least two more times, once after his first battle and then again when he re-enlists. Regulations of the Army of the Confederate States McPherson furthered the argument to entail a second primary motivating factor for Confederate soldiers, patriotism (McPherson 1994, 13). Adventure, sense of duty, peer pressure, opportunity, these motivated Confederate soldiers in the same way as they motivated English, German, French, or Roman and Greek soldiers in the past. For Cause, p. viii. Founded in 2006, Historum is a history forum dedicated to history discussions and historical events. Civil war is an organized war between organized groups within the same state or country their aim may be political is to take control of the country or a given region. One assumes he spoke his true thoughts to his private diary. The reality is that most of those soldiers were fighting for their homes. Votes: 65,540 | Gross: $31.80M JavaScript is disabled. But those building names, portraits and statues have meaning today. As a combat veteran I can attest that the willingness to endure hardship and danger is not an easy choice. For Cause, p. 110. This was the answer a Confederate POW allegedly gave when asked why he was fighting against the Union. The Union soldiers started seeing emancipation as something that caused harm to the Southern cause. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. A brief history of the "Lost Cause": Why this toxic myth still appeals to so many white Americans Racist myth-making conquered American history — … Additional information may be found by viewing the image of the original record. Confederate soldiers were in general a rag-tag clothed Army. Put bluntly, it would seem that the average Confederate soldier was probably more experienced in physical violence than his enemy. The Confederacy had the draft first and most effectively. 1. Our community welcomes everyone from around the world to discuss world history, historical periods, and themes in history - military history, archaeology, arts and culture, and history in books and movies. *5 reasons for both! . The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. From the description: Hess's book "stands as a sweeping examination of the decisive link between the distribution of provisions to soldiers and the strategic movement of armies during the Civil War. But hey, did you know blacks owned slaves too? they were not attuned to their leaders' interests. White immigrants also introduced the issue of different religions - Roman Catholicism and Judaism had both become important facets of the Northern religious scene by the time of the Civil War, but less so in the South. Slavery was the political issue and served as the backdrop of the war, for most, was not their motivations for fighting. Within months of President Lincoln’s inauguration, seven southern states began the secession from the Union and declared the Confederate States of America. With the South receiving a comparatively small fraction of these white immigrants, such nativist racism may have also played a role in dehumanizing the Yankee enemy. The issue of racism was not limited to black-white relations. Others may wish to know the motivation for the treason. Black Confederate soldiers likely represented less than 1 percent of Southern black men of military age during that period, and less than 1 percent of Confederate soldiers. Mumford went to the home of my ancestor’s aunt in New Orleans. Many folks are fussing about why the Confederate soldiers served. I, too, would assume most Confederate soldiers were not political. Attitudes towards violence. The dominant themes in their wartime letters were homesickness and a longing for peace. Though enthusiasm would shrink as the war went on, at the beginning of the war, men were so eager to join up that a big problem for both armies was finding enough supplies for its soldiers. For the 647 Union fighting men, the proportion was virtually the same: 441, or 68 percent. The 'Puritanical' religion of New England Protestants was held in disdain by the most religiously-sensitive of Southerners; indeed, 'Puritan' was used like an insult to describe some Abolitionists. 100, also known as the Lieber Code of 1863, which set clear rules for engaging with enemy combatants and clarified how Union soldiers should treat civilians, and in particular women. Many more soldiers were wounded; some wounds maimed their victims for life. On May 18, 1865, one 1LT A.R. ( Log Out /  Many Confederate soldiers’ are inextricably linked to the motivations for the confederate cause. In Rebel Yell, by S.C. Gwynne (New York: Scribner 2014), he describes the motivations of the Confederate soldiers as they fought to “repel the Northern aggressors from their homeland” Rebel Yell, at p. 30 (emphasis in the original). Morgan hit a few other towns, but made a quick exit into Ohio as some 65,000 Hoosier men volunteered to fight against him in just forty-eight hours. 6. The New Orleans ladies shall long be remembered for their devoted patriotism.” My great-great-grandfather likely met his future wife that day. The first 2 year of the Civil War was fought by volunteers. Christopher Hamner talked about the factors that motivated Union and Confederate soldiers during different periods of the Civil War. Splitting the criticism avoids, or at least sidesteps, that judgement. Southern violence took many forms; gentlemanly duels still took place, while vigilante justice and brawls involving Bowie knives, revolvers, and liquor seem to have been more common than in the North. In response, Lincoln called for volunteers to help put down the rebellion, prompting the states of Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas, and North Carolina to secede as well, as they refused to send any forces to aid the federal cause. All rights reserved. 3, 4. Opinion among Union soldiers changed over time. Sure, it's worth going back to see how his actions were understood and perceived in the past. Como miembro del Partido Demócrata, representó a Misisipi en el Senado de los Estados Unidos y la Cámara de Representantes antes de cambiar su lealtad a la Confederación. For Cause and Comrade, p. 125. That said, it was obvious and natural that the natives of an invaded region would rally to defend their states, communities, and livelihoods, especially 1864-1865 as the horrors of War became more apparent to the civilian population of the South. James McPherson detailed that honor, duty, patriotism and ideology formed the main sustaining motivations for the Civil War, while courage, self-respect and group cohesion kept men going in combat. Many Southerners fought to avoid enslavement by the North. Change ). While, 16% expressed the opposite feeling, that the war should not seek emancipation as an end-state. However, the same could be said of the pro-slavery forces in the 'Bleeding Kansas' conflict shortly before the War. Compare that to 61% of Union soldiers who mentioned a sense of patriotism as motivation for their service. Copyright © 2006-2020 Historum. ( Log Out /  In his career, he explains that having looked at perhaps 25,000 such records, he believed this was a representative sample. Most Confederate soldiers enlisted for the duration of the war. As such, the mentalities and cultural preconditionings that led so many Southern men to fight so ferociously for the Confederate cause 1861-1865 interest me. And as far as racism goes, I've read accounts of foreigners who wrote that they observed more racism in States where slavery wasn't allowed, while in the slave holding States whites and blacks basically lived side by side with black servants raising the owners children, and white and black kids playing side by side. Some historians even attempt to show that regardless of Union or Confederate, soldiers’ motivations were similar due to a shared American identity. Well, slavery was something that the people of that generation had inherited and I don't think it was a practice that any of them loved. Casualties of the Confederate Army members were about ninety-four thousand. Compare and contrast the motivation for fighting and the success of Union soldiers and Confederate soldiers in the Civil War. Though scholars energetically debate whether or not the Confederate States of America achieved “nationhood,” there is no denying that the Confederacy acted as a separate country for the four years of its existence. This leads to popular misconceptions forming in the public's mind about important people and events, particularly with early American history, and even with some events occurred during modern record-keeping.In the present day, every line a politician speaks publicly is meticulously documented and can be readily retrieved by eager fact-finders. The Confederate soldiers were fighting for their homes, their families, and for liberty from the Northern states and patriotic beliefs. Re-enlisting was not an option for most Southern soldiers. Confederate forces (most of whom were, by this point, turncoat soldiers and officers) shelled the fort and forced it to surrender. A factor modern day students of the Civil War era often forget, is that in the 19th Century many individuals felt greater loyalty to their home or adopted states than to the Government and nation at large. Because they were drafted. Most soldiers weren't even thinking about slavery. State Loyalties. John Mitchel, the Irish rebel and editor for a time of two Richmond newspapers during the war, insisted the North was seeking to subjugate the South as Great Britain had subjugated Ireland. John’s wife was Theresa, sister to Anastasia Price. Many enlisted to defend their home from the invading Yankees. DiLorenzo ignores President Lincoln’s General Orders No. ADVERTISEMENT. While virtually all 19th Century white people were racist by any modern standard of racism, blacks - slave and free alike - were certainly treated worse in the South. As a result, some communities were devestated when their regiment was involved in bitter fighting and suffered heavy casualties. I'll post in here so all you guys can have an easy movable target to shoot at. Some months later, in spring of 1865, the war is finally over. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. He discussed patriotism. Some 20% of Confederate service members espoused slavery as motivation for their service. Whether they have the motivation to is another matter. There is a debate about the reasons and cause of the American Civil War. For Cause and Comrade, p. 123. they were not attuned to their leaders' interests. So, the average Confederate soldier had to choose to risk his life and the lives of his family (because life in a rural society without the men was extremely hard) twice, when he first enlisted and after his first combat. Current historiographical studies try to apply the same motivational factors to entire states, armies, or to all Union or Confederate soldiers in general. Tom is retired from the US Army Reserve, practices law in San Antonio, Texas, and has been busily researching his Irish ancestors The North was home to an increasingly enormous population of German, Jewish, Italian, and Irish immigrants, many of whom were viewed with distaste by nativists throughout the country. In For Cause and Comrade, by James McPherson (New York: Oxford Univ. Peer pressure, boredom, and indoctrination. By seceding and then firing on Fort Sumter, the South ultimately brought about its subsequent devastation by the North. ( Log Out /  Director: Clint Eastwood | Stars: Clint Eastwood, Sondra Locke, Chief Dan George, Bill McKinney. The Republicans, after all, were the heirs of the remnants of the Know Nothing Party. This split in the fabric of the country began a bitter war, concluding in the death of more than 750,000 soldiers. Were there more similarities or differences in the motivation that led Confederate (southern) and union (northern) soldiers to fight in the civil war? The motivation of soldiers in the Civil War is a subject that has long intrigued me. Well it seems like everyone is agreeing, so I guess I have to be THAT guy. The Confederate States Army revival was a series of Christian revivals which took place among the Confederate States Army in 1863. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. Morgan had cannon and was able to win the battle against the outnumbered Legion soldiers. Too, some white Union soldiers noticed the obvious, if a Negro soldier could stop a bullet that might otherwise be aimed at white Northerner, then that would be a good thing. Helsinki was bombed, and 61 Finns were killed in an The U.S. Army has 10 Confederate-named bases in 6 Southern states. View all posts by irishconfederates. He is the author of Enduring Battle: American Soldiers in Three Wars, 1776-1945. The overall number of dead that resulted from the Civil War nearly equals the number of American soldiers killed in every other military action up to the present. Most soldiers in any war are driven more by a desire to get out of small towns and see some adventure, fight for their country (but not necessarily their politics) or for money. Such ideals depicting slavery and states’ rights seem to prevail as the main reasons for what motivated the Confederate soldiers to fight. Largely on-the-job much as it was int he Union Army. On November 30, 1939, the Red Army crosses the Soviet-Finnish border with 465,000 men and 1,000 aircraft. Would Jefferson have supported the Confederates? History tends to take on a life of its own over time. Right now. In all, around 360,000 Union soldiers died as a direct result of the war. ( Log Out /  Union military courts prosecuted at least 450 cases involving sexual crimes. Dr. McPherson reviewed the personal letters and diaries of some 400 Confederate soldiers. Who has seen the mockumentary, 'CSA: The Confederate States of America' (2004) ? We can learn a valuable lesson from these men in 1913. Morgan’s raid was by far the largest incursion into Indiana, involving some 2,400 Confederate soldiers. That is, their service was motivated by a sense of patriotism. Booth’s motivation for slaying the president may still seem unclear, but it was firmly rooted in the role Lincoln played during the American Civil War. I understand and agree with the motivation for removing the demeaning “Emancipation Group” monument from Park Square (“Deemed tone-deaf, statue of Lincoln, ex … 7. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. The lieutenant on his first day back home did not discuss slavery or economic gains and losses. Ibid. For Cause, p. 21. One of them, Frank Kennedy (Carroll Nye), arrives at Tara and, having long been in love with Suellen, asks Scarlett's permission to marry her. Anastasia was married to Martin Creane/Crane and later married Cyrus Chism. While most historians agree that the war erupted over a debate about slavery, the role of slavery in the motivation of soldiers had been the subject of widespread debate. 'Cause you're here'. The Legion met Morgan in battle at Corydon. His thoughts were recorded in his diary, not in some polemic destined for a newspaper. Along with these McPherson In his book For Cause & Comrades McPherson describes soldiers initial … Image of a Slave’s service in the Confederate army, Andrew Martin Chandler of the Forty-fourth Mississippi Infantry and Silas Chandler, circa 1861.Credit Collection of Andrew Chandler Battaile via Opionator.blogs.nytimes Missouri farmer Josey Wales joins a Confederate guerrilla unit and winds up on the run from the Union soldiers who murdered his family. . What did distinguish Confederate soldiers was a closer initial attachment to their home communities. 1. Most of the fighting men in that war were neither professional soldiers nor draftees—they were volunteers. 5. The samples of both Confederate and Union soldiers are biased toward the 4. In the 'Bleeding Kansas' conflict pro-slavery Missourians often accused Yankee 'Free State' immigrants of cowardice, and with some infamous exceptions, most of the latter were definitely less confrontational than their opponents. Some staunchly Christian Southerners also expressed dismay with Yankeedom because it seemed more prone to dabbling in the occult - Spiritualism, for instance, was becoming a fad in the North at the time. Since many soldiers were poor farmers, boredom and a simple longing for adventure must have inspired many. For Cause, at p. 22. Their motivation in their own words was to preserve the servitude of the African race; these traitors are in fact some of the greatest villains in American history." Slavery was an accepted part of life in the South, and unrest and rebellions amongst slaves were often blamed on the efforts of Northern abolitionists. In the Northern U.S., the peace Democrats (known as “Copperheads”), started to publicly target the Emancipation Proclamation. The C.S.A. This dearth of proper uniforms often caused boots, belts, jackets or whatever was needed, to be “confiscated” at the same time as the Union rifle. He went to the John Agar home. We cannot discount the myth of the “Lost Cause.” Certainly, many Southerners whined about the loss of the Civil war in ways that were not productive. The Lieber Code established strict laws regarding wartime rape. The popular perception among some folks today is that most or all Confederate soldiers served to protect their economy or “way of life.” Surely, protecting economic interests motivated some Southerners. I have to assume the vast majority of Confederate soldiers were not political, i.e. That is, their service was motivated by a sense of patriotism. Much like the issue of state-patriotism, these religious differences are poorly understood and rarely studied in detail today, but must have played a role in causing a rift between North and South. In any event, those sentiments changed in 1863. Most Confederate soldiers were not slaveholders, and a majority of Confederate officers were not slaveholders either. Soldiers on both sides expressed their sentiments through their portraits, some by displaying slogans, some by brandishing weapons or striking fierce poses. Press 1997), Dr. McPherson looked at the motivations of both the Union and Confederate soldiers. U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865. That caused some soldiers to express sentiments opposing the Northern peace Democrats. Many of the Confederacy's greatest champions - Lee and Jackson for instance - were not in fact secessionists, and only followed the South out of loyalty to their home states. Connected to the issue of slavery was simple racism. Report profane or abusive content. According to Dr. McPherson’s study, 57% of Confederate soldiers espoused patriotic sentiment for serving. 3, 4. I have to assume the vast majority of Confederate soldiers were not political, i.e. Mr. Gwynne also describes that as the simple motive for Gen. Thomas Jackson when he enlisted in the Virginia militia and later the Confederate army, to repel the Northern aggressor. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Confederate soldiers may have seen the curtailment of their liberties that came with soldier life more sharply in comparison to the enslaved people among whom they lived, but there is little evidence that they resisted the discipline of the army any more than their Northern peers. This led to the war being referred to as the “Blues vs. Grays.” The President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, was a less effective leader than the Union leader Abraham Lincoln. Racism. Through the Spring of 1863, 36% expressed sentiment favoring emancipation as a motive for the war. Confederate soldiers amble back home in the wake of General Lee's surrender. Disgust for Yankee 'Negro-worship' was expressed in Southern rhetoric before and during the War. Many others would have been roused to righteous indignation by the glamorous rhetoric that was used to inflame the populaces of both the warring sides. While the United States continued to operate normally (elections, parties, campaigns, state and Congressional legislation, court rulings, etc.) Additionally, many of the Southern soldiers read the newspapers which kept them informed about the South’s motivation to continue fighting as the deaths accrued. 3. While it would be foolish to deny that slavery was the primary instigator of the War itself, very few Confederate soldiers were slave owners - most were poor farmers, little more than slaves themselves. Award-winning historian Earl J. Hess reveals how that dynamic served as the key to success, especially for the Union army as it undertook bold offensives striking far behind Confederate lines. 30,000 Irish immigrants supported their new home in its hour of need. Entire communities were emptied of their young men, and those who stayed behind were liable to be mocked by their female contemporaries. They believed the North sought to subjugate the South in some way. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. “ boot camp ” as we think of them today the Civil War historian plan! The backdrop of the Civil War a subject that has long intrigued me soldiers are biased toward Largely! Female contemporaries recorded in his career, he explains that having looked at perhaps 25,000 such records, he that... A secondary … 3, 4 and historical events morgan ’ s aunt in New.... Records, he believed this was a closer initial attachment to their leaders interests! Day back home in the North i think that is a history forum to! Commenting using your Twitter account answer a Confederate soldier a typical Confederate soldier was also native-born. That having looked at the motivations of both the Union soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed the! Back home in the wake of general Lee 's surrender Twitter account from a military raised. 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